Intrathecal Injection of Amitriptyline and Doxepin for Spinal Anesthesia in Animal Studies

Intrathecal Injection of Amitriptyline and Doxepin for Spinal Anesthesia in Animal Studies

I read with a great interest the recent article by Alebouyeh et al. about intrathecal administration of amitriptyline and doxepin to induce spinal blockade and comparison of their effects with those of bupivacaine (1). Alebouyeh et al. reported that intrathecal injection of various drugs with different mechanisms is an intriguing issue in anesthesiology and pain management. Antidepressants are ...

intrathecal injection of amitriptyline and doxepin for spinal anesthesia in animal studies

Evaluation of the efficacy of intrathecal injection of amitriptyline and doxepin in spinal anesthesia in comparison with bupivacaine in rats

BACKGROUND Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are commonly used orally for treating chronic pain states, such as neuropathic pain. TCAs produce analgesia by various mechanisms, including sodium channels, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, biogenic amines, opioids, inflammatory mediators, and substance P. Studies have shown that intrathecal tricyclic administration effectively attenuates pain and the...

evaluation of the efficacy of intrathecal injection of amitriptyline and doxepin in spinal anesthesia in comparison with bupivacaine in rats

conclusions it seems that tertiary amine drugs such as amitriptyline and doxepin had reasonable potencies of spinal blockade when compared to bupivacaine. however, amitriptyline had a more potent and long-acting spinal anesthetic effect. amitriptyline may turn out to be a clinically valuable local anesthetic. results in groups 1 and 2, a total of 3 rats died. after adjusting the concentrations,...

simulation and experimental studies for prediction mineral scale formation in oil field during mixing of injection and formation water

abstract: mineral scaling in oil and gas production equipment is one of the most important problem that occurs while water injection and it has been recognized to be a major operational problem. the incompatibility between injected and formation waters may result in inorganic scale precipitation in the equipment and reservoir and then reduction of oil production rate and water injection rate. ...